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Jun 29, 2026
The "238 wpm" Average Reading Speed Describes No One Precisely — What Reading Time Estimates Actually Mean
The 238 wpm reading speed used in "8 minute read" estimates comes from a 2019 meta-analysis of college students reading non-fiction prose — it doesn't apply to technical documentation (75-150 wpm), fiction (300-400 wpm), or scanning (700+ wpm). Here's the speed-comprehension trade-off that makes speed reading programs ineffective, how Medium adjusts reading time for images, and why word count reading time estimates are calibrated for English and overestimate reading speed for German while underestimating it for Chinese characters.